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Luna, R. K.
- Estimates of Genetic Variability and Correlation in Eucalyptus Hybrid Progeny For Early Selection
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Correlation, Candidate Plus Tree, Eucalyptus Hybrid
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Indian Forester, Vol 135, No 2 (2009), Pagination: 147-161Abstract
A trial of progeny of 11 Candidate Plus Trees (CPTs), 2 sources of clonally propagated planting material and one source of clonal seed orchard seedlings was conducted at Thathlan, Hoshairpur (Punjab) to assess the growth performance and to evaluate genetic variability and correlation among different growth characters for three consecutive years. In all quantitative characters assessed, clonal material viz. T9, T1 and T10 gave the best height, diameter and clean bole. The heritability values for height (0.67 to 0.71), diameter (0.50-0.59) and clean bole (0.64-0.76) were high with high genetic gains upto three year of observations. The findings suggest that these characters are governed by the genetic make up of the trait and attribute significantly to the phenotypic performance at early stage giving ample opportunity for selection of the outstanding genotypes. Similarly, straightness exhibited high heritability varying from 0.55 to 0.64 during the first and third year respectively. The heritability estimate for axis persistence ranged from 0.46 to 0.56 with high genetic gain of 21.10 to 14.63 in year one and three respectively. The significant genotypic and phenotypic correlation found between height and diameter suggests that improvement in one character will be accompanied by another. Also a high positive significant correlation was exhibited in year one to three. A highly significant age-age correlation for height and diameter growth indicate that selection based on these two characters can be done at the juvenile stage to achieve more gain per unit time.Keywords
Genetic Variability, Heritability, Genetic Gain, Genetic Correlation, Age-ageCorrelation, Candidate Plus Tree, Eucalyptus Hybrid
- Effect of Lantana camara Linn. on Biomass Production and Carrying Capacity of forest Areas of Shiwalik Hills of Punjab
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Indian Forester, Vol 135, No 7 (2009), Pagination: 869-879Abstract
Experiments were conducted to control Lantana camara in Shiwalik hills of Punjab through chemical treatment (Glyphostate 1.0% spray at stump level) and by planting four fastgrowing species viz.Dendrocalamus strictus, Leucaena leucocephala, Albizia procera (White siris) and Melia azedarach (Drek) after stubbing Lantana at Patahankot, Hoshiarpur and Ropar. Under these five treatments effect of Lantana on biomass production of palatable and non-palatable species and carrying capacity of sites was studied. Biomass studies show that contribution of non-palatable species in control and chemical treatments was very high ranging between 71.80% to 98.84%. Total biomass of palatable and non-palatable species was also found to be very high in all the control treatments mainly due to the dominance of L. Camara. However, dominance of L. camara was found to be low in Bamboo, Leucaena, Whitesiris and Drek treatments. Though L. camara was negatively correlated with H' (Shannon- Wiener's Index) of non-palatable species, it significantly affected H' of palatable species under four treatments of fast-growing species except bamboo treatment. Cd (Simpson's Index) was observed inversely related to H' in all treatments. Correlation analysis showed significant relationship between biomass and H', which meant that with the increase of diversity, biomass of palatable species also increased significantly. The values of carrying capacity showed that the chemical and control treatments had 'very poor' (<1.07 cows ha-1) and other treatments had 'poor' (<3.89 cows ha-1) carrying capacity. The study suggests that plantations of fast growing species hinder the growth of Lantana camara and help to increase the biomass of palatable species thereby upgrading the carrying capacity of the forests though marginally within a short period 2-3 years.Keywords
Lantana camara, Carrying Capacity, Biomass Production, Shiwalik Hills, Punjab- Performance of Clonal Eucalyptus in Different Agroclimatic Zones of Punjab, India
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Indian Forester, Vol 135, No 11 (2009), Pagination: 1455-1464Abstract
Three experiments were laid at Forest Divisions, Ludhiana (Baddowal, site-I), Gurdaspur (site-II) and Tarn-Taran (site-III) to estimate the productivity of Bhadrachalam Eucalyptus clones. The data was also collected from different private farms. At Ludhiana, clone 413 gave the maximum MAI (mean annual increment) of 28.80 m3/ha/year, over bark and 23.49 m3/ha/year, under bark, at an age of 3 years. The clone 526 performed better at Gurdaspur with maximum MAI (productivity) of 21.15 m3/ha/year, over bark and 17.25 m3/ha/year, under bark. Whereas, at Amritsar, clone 413 was most productive with MAI of 36.07 m3/ha/year, over bark and 29.42, m3/ha/year, under bark, at the age of 2.5 years. The present study revealed that the clone 413 gave outstanding productivity over bark ranging from 28.80 m3 to 36.07 m3/ha/year. However clones like 526, 2045, 2070, and 285 also performed well. The analysis of data from private farms revealed that clone 288 gave MAI of 48.79 m3/ha/year over bark, followed by clone 316 with MAI to the tune of 33.70 m3/ha/year (Private farm at Hoshiarpur) at the age of 4 and 5 years, respectively. Though other clones under study had less productivity nevertheless their productivity was significantly higher than seed route plants. The clonal Eucalyptus gave 2 to 6 times more volume per hectare as compared to the seed origin plants. However, the growth and productivity of clones 407 (Site-III) and 72 (Site-II and III) was at par to the seed route plants, hence should not be recommended for plantations.Keywords
Eucalyptus, Clones, Volume, Mean Annual Increment, Productivity, Punjab- Evaluation of Quality of Seedlings Raised under Agro-net Shade and Direct Sunlight
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catechu, Eucalyptus tereticornis
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Indian Forester, Vol 134, No 1 (2008), Pagination: 17-25Abstract
Seedlings of Albizia procera, Eucalyptus tereticornis and Acacia catechu were produced in 150 cc and 200 cc ischolar_main trainers kept under direct sunlight and agro-net shade. The observations on shoot height, collar diameter, ischolar_main length, number of lateral ischolar_mains, dry weight of shoot, ischolar_main and total biomass were recorded after 3 and 5 months. Sturdiness quotient, ischolar_main/ shoot ratio and Dickson's quality index were also worked out. The results reveal that plants under shade produce better growth and biomass parameters than under direct sunlight. Retaining the plants in the ischolar_main trainers for 5 months also showed better shoot length and collar diameter. The sturdiness quotient, ischolar_main/shoot ratio and quality index of plants having gestation period of 5 months was significantly better than of 3 months. The sturdiness quotient, ischolar_main/shoot ratio and quality index of plants in 150 cc containers (5 months) was comparable and even better than plants raised in 200 cc containers (3 months). Considering the interaction between size of ischolar_main trainers and gestation period, best treatment for better height, collar diameter, total biomass production, ischolar_main/shoot ratio and Dickson's quality index was T2 C2 (200 cc ischolar_main trainers under shade for 5 months duration) except for sturdiness quotient which was found best in T1 C1 (150 cc ischolar_main trainers in direct sunlight for 5 months).Keywords
Seedling Parameters, Agro-net Shade, Direct Sunlight, Albizia procera, Acaciacatechu, Eucalyptus tereticornis
- Biomass, Productivity and Nutrient Retention in Acacia catechu Willd. Plantations in Shiwalik Hills of Punjab Shiwalik Hills of Punjab
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Hills, Punjab
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Indian Forester, Vol 134, No 2 (2008), Pagination: 212-225Abstract
The biomass and nutrient distribution in Acacia catechu Willd. Plantations of Punjab has been studied at six sites of different ages (20, 22, 23, 24, 28, 32 years). The biomass ranged from 39.4 kg tree-1 to 738.98 kg tree-1 and from 77.29 to 223.46 t ha-1 in all these sites. Productivity ranged from 2.57 t ha-1 yr-1 (at 32 yrs) to 9.31 t ha -1 yr-1 (at 24 yrs). The contribution of individual tree components to total biomass varied as: leaf 1.41 to 4.29%; twig 2.92 to 6.31%, branch 10.95 to 19.98%, bark 6.65 to 10.69%, ischolar_main 15.29 to 20.61% and bole 42.86 to 56.33%. The per cent contributions of all tree components in all the sites were in the order of bole > ischolar_main > branch > bark > twig > leaf. Prediction models have been worked out by using allometric regressions. Among prediction variables tried D2H were found the most reliable parameters for prediction of biomass. In all these regressions, the biomass of the tree components has been taken as dependent variable and shows significant correlation coefficient confirming linear relationship The amount of various nutrients varies from N- 482.19 to 1041.04 kg ha-1, P- 30.32 to 92.72 kg ha-1, K- 194.81 to 767.05 kg ha-1, Ca - 523.3 to 1425.59 kg ha-1 and Mg - 27.27 to 80.13 kg ha-1, respectively. The percentage contribution of different nutrients to total nutrients are as; N (29.78 to 35.61%), P (1.61 to 2.76%), K (11.36 to 22.79%), Ca (38.64 to 54.86%) and Mg (2.01 to 2.61%), respectively. Nutrient losses through complete harvesting have been discussed and some suggestions have been given to replenish the nutrient loss and improve the site productivity.Keywords
Acacia Catechu Willd., Plantations, Biomass, Productivity, Nutrient Retention, ShiwalikHills, Punjab
- Modelling to Assess the Role of Physico-chemical Attributes in Drying of Kikar [Acacia nilotica Linn. (Willd.)] Plantations in Punjab
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Indian Forester, Vol 134, No 6 (2008), Pagination: 721-729Abstract
In recent past, an unusual and large scale mortality of Kikar in almost all age-classes has been reported from every region of Punjab. The present study attempts to investigate the effect of physico-chemical attributes of the soil on this mortality. For this purpose four agroclimate zones covering 23 sites have been surveyed for detailed investigation and the results statistically analyzed to determine their individual and combined effect. The mortality ranges from 0.00 to 56.25% (average 42.25%) the highest being in block plantations. A single factor has not been found responsible for this mortality. It is rather the result of their acting in combination. Level of available phosphorus is found to contribute maximum effect. It is observed that existing levels of organic carbon, pH, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity of the soil and availability of nitrogen should be increased to the check further mortality, by integrated field management strategies.Keywords
Acacia nilotica, Plantations, Drying, Physico-chemical Attributes, Punjab- Variation in Rooting Response of Shoot Cuttings in Twenty Clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.
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Indian Forester, Vol 134, No 11 (2008), Pagination: 1419-1426Abstract
The ischolar_maining behaviour is important for selecting clones for multiplication, as hard-toischolar_main clones are likely to increase the cost of production of propagules substantially. In this experiment, ischolar_maining ability of nodal shoot cuttings of 20 clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. were studied under intermittent mist conditions. Out of twenty clones, clone No. 33 (Tulsipur, Gonda), 24 (C.B. Ganj, Bareilley), 10 (Pathri, Haridwar), 237 (Banketwa, Gonda), and 9 (Chiryapur, Bijnor) produced the maximum shoot diameter, dry weight of ischolar_main and shoot, number of ischolar_mains and average ischolar_main length of resultant plants. Propagules of these clones could be produced of plantable size in less than 121 days.Keywords
Rooting Response, Shoot Cuttings, Variation, Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., Clones- Assessment of Effect of Treatments against Frost in Young Plantations of Tectona grandis Linn. F., Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Willd. Ex Del. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. in Plains of Punjab
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indica, Young Plantations
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Indian Forester, Vol 134, No 5 (2008), Pagination: 597-604Abstract
One to three years old plantations of Tectona grandis (Teak), Acacia nilotica (Kikar) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) were subjected to seven treatments in the frost affected areas from October 2004 to March 2005. The assessment of percentage damage was made by measuring the height loss in the affected plants. The results indicate that Tectona grandis was the most affected species producing 15.81% damage and the Azadirachta indica the least (4.83%). Among the treatments T2 (irrigation after 15 days interval during frost period) was found the best giving the least damage percentage (4.08) followed by T3 (application of NPK fertilizer) giving 4.91% damage. The results indicate the traditional measures such as covering of plants with thatching grass (kullies) and polythene bags were not effective. The results also found that in Teak and Kikar, the damage increased from Ist to IIIrd year whereas in Neem, it decreased. The method described in the experiment can be reliably used in the field to assess the damage due to frost. Height / diameter ratio can also be used to gauge the propensity of frost damage and thus to take advance silvicultural operations in time.Keywords
Damage by Frost, Effect of Treatments, Tectona grandis, Acacia nilotica, Azadirachtaindica, Young Plantations
- Effect of Pruning on Young Plantations of Acacia catechu Willd, Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Willd Ex Del and Acacia tortilis (Forsk.) Hayne
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Indian Forester, Vol 133, No 4 (2007), Pagination: 496-505Abstract
One, two and three year old plants of Acacia catechu, A. nilotica and A. tortilis were subjected to no pruning (control), ⅓ pruning and ½ pruning of the total height of the plants. Measurements of height and diameter increment per cent were worked out and analysed statistically. The results show that maximum diameter and height increment was found in one year old plants as compared to two and three year old plants in all species. Clear bole formation was significantly higher in 3 year old plants than one and two year plants. ½ and ⅓rd pruning were equally effective in height increment per cent, whereas ½ pruning was highly significant for diameter increment and clear bole formation than ⅓rd pruning and no pruning. The maximum diameter increment per cent and clear bole formation was attained in A. nilotica as compared to A. tortilis and A. catechu. The results suggest no pruning in one year old plants of Acacia catechu, ⅓rd pruning in A. tortilis and ½ pruning in A. nilotica for one and two year old plants.- Assessment of Exotic Poplar Clones in Punjab
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Indian Forester, Vol 133, No 7 (2007), Pagination: 861-869Abstract
A clonal trial of 108 exotic poplar clones obtained from the F.R.I., Dehra Dun and the Silviculturist Sal Region Nanital was conducted at Pindori, Hoshiarpur (Punjab) from 1988 to 2004. Growth data recorded at the age of 1, 4 and 16 years was analysed statistically. On the basis of performance in height and diameter growth during 1992 and 2004 and further ranking according to d2h values obtained, a grading list of best clones was prepared separately for short-rotation and long-rotation crops for conditions prevailing in Punjab. PD-6248, P-Del Pux, PD-Booialane, PD-6388, PL-52/82, PD-6252, P.G-48, PD-6238 and PD-6257 clones performed best both in short and long rotations whereas EL-89/82, P.S7C4, PD-6371, L-27/82, CP-82-6-14 and P.G-3 are recommended for short-rotation crops.- Establishment of Seed Production Area of Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) in Punjab
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Indian Forester, Vol 131, No 11 (2005), Pagination: 1411-1420Abstract
Emblica officinalis is an important multipurpose tree grown by farmers and Forest departments. Establishment of seed production area (SPA) is considered as the first step towards tree improvement programme for production of qualitative seed at a moderate cost. This is the first report about establishment of SPA of Emblica officinalis in India. Methodology to establish SPA of Amla using point grade method considering quantitative and qualitative traits notably crown and fruiting characters of the tree has been described in this article. The population achieved a gain of 10.61% to 17.87% in crown and 17.07% to 25.97% in fruiting trait in the first and second culling respectively. The total seed production capacity per annum of the SPA has been calculated to be 177.2 kg and 158.08 kg after first and second culling respectively, which will be sufficient to afforest 3700 ha of area.- Screening and Selection of Outstanding Clones of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) for Punjab
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Indian Forester, Vol 131, No 12 (2005), Pagination: 1620-1626Abstract
No abstract- Seed Source Variation in Black Siris (Albizia lebbek Benth.)
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Indian Forester, Vol 132, No 2 (2006), Pagination: 149-155Abstract
Variation with respect to different pod and seed characteristics among 20 seed sources from Punjab, Haryana and Uttaranchal was studied. Correlation coefficient among pod and seed characteristics, germination percentage and growth parameters of mother trees was also estimated. The correlation matrix revealed that statistically significant correlation exists between seed weight, seed width, and seed length. Germination per cent was positively correlated with number of seeds per pod. Highest germination percentage was found in Raipur seed source in Ropar Forest Division though there was a high variation in germination percentage among all the seed sources. Based on our finding it is suggested that the seeds of Albizia lebbek should preferably be collected from healthy and fresh pods.- Study on Mortality of Kikar (Acacia nilotica) in Punjab
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Indian Forester, Vol 132, No 3 (2006), Pagination: 281-296Abstract
The present study is an attempt to address the problem of large scale mortality of Kikar trees in Punjab by analysing all the possible factors including climatic, entomological, pathological and miscellaneous. The results of the present investigation reveal that mortality is site specific and its intensity is governed by the dominance of either environmental or miscellaneous factors, which acted as pre-disposing factors. The observations also indicated that young plantations were mostly affected due to severe intensity of fog and frost, whereas, the older plantations were affected mostly due to insects pests and pathogens as they got predisposed due to continuous spell of unfavourable conditions. Among the pathogens, Ganoderma lucidum was found to be responsible for causing mortality. The insect pests which were found to be associated with mortality, are Celostrena scabrator, termites, caterpillars of Selepa celtis and Indarbela quadrinotata and nymphs of Acaudeleyrodes rachipora.- Assessment of 51 Progenies of Melia azedarach Linn. - a Promising Agroforestry Tree
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Indian Forester, Vol 132, No 8 (2006), Pagination: 941-951Abstract
Melia azedarach is a promising agro-forestry tree. Assessment of 9-months old progeny trial of this species consisting of 51 progenies from Punjab, Haryana and Uttaranchal established at Kharkan; Hoshiarpur, Punjab was done. In terms of height and diameter growth progeny No. 14 (Takni, Hoshiarpur) performed the best. Results of analysis of variance for height, diameter at breast height, diameter at ground level, crown diameter, clear bole formation and d2h were highly significant at 1% level of probability. Highest variance (89.75%) was found in d2h whereas the minimum in height trait (20.50%). The heritability estimate for height was the highest (0.44 ± 0.086) followed by d2h, dbh, diameter at ground level and clear bole formation. Contribution of environmental conditions was found higher than the genetic factors. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation point out that height and diameter traits can be relied upon for early selection for tree improvement in this species. Cluster analysis revealed that progeny No. 14 and 46 were distantly apart. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that PC-I captured 77.8% of the total variance of which diameter and height exhibited the highest. Based on the results of growth performance and cluster analysis progeny No. 14 proved the best performer. The other 10 promising progenies are ranked on the basis of PCA.- Assessment of Half-Sib Progeny of Candidate Plus Trees and Clonally Propagated Eucalyptus
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Indian Forester, Vol 132, No 1 (2006), Pagination: 3-10Abstract
A trial of progeny of 12 half-sib families of Candidate Plus Trees (CPTs), 4 sources of clonally propagated planting material, one source of clonal seed orchard seedlings and three unknown seed sources of Eucalyptus hybrid was conducted at Kharkan Research Station, Hoshiarpur (Punjab) to assess growth performance and to evaluate genetic variability. Among all the planting material tested, clone 72 was found to be most promosing followed by clone 274, CSO seedling source of Bhadrachalam and CPT 12. However, all clonal material showed better qualitative characters of axis persistence and straightness. Analysis of variance of data indicated significant difference among clonal planting material and progeny of CPTs for height, dbh, axis persistence and straightness. Genetic analyses showed high heritability estimates for axis persistence and straightness (58%-69%) and low heritability for dbh. The study suggests that CPT 12 may be multiplied by vegetative means after clonal evaluation for future plantation programme. It is further suggested to select plus trees among populations having broad range of variation.- Vegetative Propagation through Juvenile Shoot Cuttings of Melia composita Willd.
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Indian Forester, Vol 132, No 12 (2006), Pagination: 1561-1569Abstract
Melia composita is a fast growing tree species popularly grown in homesteads and agroforestry plantations. Effects of 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm of IBA, IAA and NAA were studied on the ischolar_maining ability, sprouting percentage, sprout length, number of leaves, number of ischolar_mains and length of ischolar_mains in juvenile shoot cuttings of Melia composita from March 2005 to September 2005 under intermittent mist conditions. IBA 3000 ppm produced the best results giving 57.14% ischolar_maining, 3.92 ischolar_mains per ischolar_mained cutting and 4.31 cm mean ischolar_main length in 45-50 days. Among the months, July planted cuttings gave the best results. The technology can be used to multiply superior genotypes for tree improvement and mass propagation for afforestation programmes.- Effect of Irrigation and Chemical Fertilizer on Growth and Productivity of Teak (Tectona grandis L.) in Punjab
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Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 12 (2011), Pagination: 1357-1362Abstract
An experiment was conducted in July, 2005 at Kharkan Research Station, Hoshiarpur to find out the effect of irrigation regimes viz., no irrigation (I0), irrigation after 10 days (I10), irrigation after 20 days (I20) and irrigation after 30 days (I30), and fertilizer (Urea) doses viz., no fertilizer (F0), 50 g/tree in July (F1), 25 g two times during July and August (F2), 16 g three times during July, August and September (F3), 100 g in July (F4), 50 g two times during July and august (F5), 33.3 g three times during July, August and September (F6), 150 g in July (F7), 75 g two times during July and August (F8) and 50 g urea/tree, three times during July, August and September (F9). Fertilizer dose in the 8 9 second and third year was increased by 50 per cent to the quantity applied during previous year. During first year irrigation regimes had no significant effect on collar girth and height of teak, however, fertilizer dose of 33.3 g Urea/tree, three times in July, August and September, gave maximum collar girth (2.43 cm). The interaction, 33.3 g Urea/tree and no irrigation gave higher collar girth (2.89 cm) and tree height (1.13 m), up to the age one year. Summarized results indicate that irrigation regime I10 for first and second year and I20 during third year were better for growth of teak trees. The fertilizer dose 33.3 g applied three times, during July, August and September, every year resulted in higher diameter and height growth and hence the maximum volume and MAI.- Growth Performance of Twelve New Clones of Populus deltoides in Punjab, India
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Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 12 (2012), Pagination: 1077-1080Abstract
Height, diameter growth and volume production of 12 clones of poplar were evaluated at Kharkan Research Station Hoshiarpur, Research Circle Hoshiarpur, Punjab Forest Department at the age of 3 years. The results of evaluation revealed that among the poplar clones under study, the clone WSL - 39 achieved the best growth and maximum volume production, attaining diameter of 14.74 cm; height 14.42 m and volume 0.1040 m3/tree at the age of 3 years. The clone WSL-39 outperformed for growth and volume since the beginning. However, the volume production of clone Udai was at par with WSL - 39 at 2 and 3 years of age. On the basis of present results WSL-39 and Udai clones can be included for plantation to broaden the genetic base and more importantly for productivity enhancement.Keywords
Poplar clones, Growth, Volume, Mean annual increment, Punjab- Shisham Mortality in Hoshiarpur, Punjab: Causes and Remedy
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Authors
M. S. Bhandari
1,
Rama Kant
1,
Nafeesh Ahmed
1,
Shivani Dobhal
1,
R. K. Luna
2,
S. Nautiyal
1,
Vijay Kumar
,
Ashok Kumar
1
Affiliations
1 Division of Botany, FRI, Dehradun-248 006, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Punjab Forest Department, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, IN
1 Division of Botany, FRI, Dehradun-248 006, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Punjab Forest Department, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, IN
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 140, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 147-153Abstract
Dalbergia sissoo (Shisham) is an important tree species for production of quality timber. The genetic diversity of shisham is very low; which has perhaps resulted in increased infestation by diseases and insect-pest attack. The species is eclipsed with one of the most important disease called dieback wilt caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. dalbergiae. The biotic and abiotic factors help in the spreading of diseases in the plantation trials of shisham. In the plantation trial at Hoshiyarpur (Punjab) the dieback wilt causes the tremendous damage to standing trees of shisham. Mortality was found highest (7.65%) for the experimental trials of shisham that includes a total of 49 clones and rametes. The disease was spreading rapidly and affecting the other healthy plantation of the trials. The serious preventive management efforts and mitigation measures are required to protect the shisham trials.Keywords
Agro-forestry, Diseases, Insect-pest and Genetic Diversity.References
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